Logical Framework for M & E

A logical framework is generally used for monitoring evaluation. It evaluates cause and effect relationships as well as assumptions and risks of the project. The logical framework evaluates three sequential relationships:

1. Inputs to Outputs: Outputs resulting from inputs, for example grain storage godown facility for a grain storage project.
2. Outputs to Effects: Effects resulting from project outputs. For example reduction in grain losses as an effect of grain storage godown facility.
3. Effects to Impacts: Impacts resulting from project effects. For example higher income to farmers as an impact of reduction in grain losses.

• The assumptions and risks are evaluated as to their validity. These cannot be controlled by the project.
• Performance benchmarks serve as the standards for monitoring and evaluation purposes.
• A logical framework matrix for each project is prepared for planning, monitoring and evaluation purposes as shown in box:



Logical Framework Matrix

Key Concepts in the Logical Framework

• Objective: This is the desired outcome of the project.
• Purpose: This is the effect or impact of the project.
• Outputs: These are the deliverable of the project as specified in the Terms of Reference.
• Activities: These are the tasks that must be undertaken to accomplish outputs. They involve inputs in terms of money, human resources, equipment, materials etc.
• OVIs: Objectively Verifiable Indicators are targets in  terms of quantity, quality, time to measure actual performance.
• MOV: Means of Verification describe sources of information that provide the basis for monitoring and evaluation of the project. They are reports and publications related to project accomplished.
• Assumptions and Risks: They are important external factors beyond the control of the project. Their validity is important for achieving project objective, purpose, outputs and activities.

M & E: Monitoring and Evaluation