The government is the body that rules independently through the state system to fulfill the wishes of the people within the specified territory. The government is the main mechanism or representative of the sovereign state and is the body that exercises the executive power of the state in accordance with the law. Similarly, the government is the legal entity or body responsible for mobilizing the state, protecting and promoting it, and developing and expanding it in all respects.
In short, the government is the statutory body established by the people to govern the country. It is guided by the method and system of government. Its main function is to develop the country and provide services to the people.
According to Prof. Garner's words, "Government is the mechanism by which the general policies of the state are determined, the general affairs are regulated and the general interest is promoted. In the absence of a government, the population will be disorganized, unorganized, anarchic and it will not be possible to take any collective action. ”
Functions of Government
The main task of the government is to ensure the living standards of the people as the government does the following:
- Maintenance of peace, security and law and order
- Function of health and quality environment
- Community and social security
- Arrangement of quality education and transportation
- Supply of essential goods and services
- Maintenance of national integrity and unity
- Public policy formulation, implementation and evaluation
- Addressing national level planning issue and program formulation, implementation and evaluation
- Development of infrastructure of development
- Development of water resources, tourism and agricultural sectors
- Urban planning and welfare
- Technology and methodological development and research work
- Functions that cannot be operated and handled by non-government and private sector
- Maintenance of minimum quality of goods and services
Due to the above arrangements, the role of the government became even stronger. In particular, if the private sector is to make good progress in the world market, it should be able to provide the following inputs: - to provide the best knowledge and skilled workers, to do more valuable research, to provide the cheapest capital possible, to form the best foundations and policies.
Roles of Government
1. In the Context of Development:
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2. According to Anderson,
- Providing diverse economic infrastructure
- Make avail public goods and services
- Resolve and adjust the differences / conflicts / conflicts in the pluralistic society or between the groups
- Ensuring and maintaining competition
- Protection and Conservation of natural resources
- Ensuring public access to existing public goods and services in the economy
- Stabilization of economy
3. According to Osborne and Gaebler,
- Anticipatory Government
- Catalytical Government
- Community-owned Government
- Customer-driven Government
- Competitive Government
- Decentralized Government
- Enterprising Government
- Mission-driver Government
- Market-oriented Government
- Result-oriented Government, etc.
4. Plan Specified
- Maintenance of peace, security and fair justice in the country
- Improvement of quality of goods and services
- Formulation of plan, policy and programs
- Protection and promotion of human rights
- Social activities such as poverty alleviation, inclusive development, women's development, social empowerment, upliftment of backward castes, etc.
- Creation of competitive environment
- Practice of local autonomy
- Policy and action initiatives to maintain social justice and regional balance
- Expansion of industry and trade, etc.
5. Unforgotten Roles of Government while Governing
- Promotion of national interest in which sovereignty, integrity, protection of national identity, national honor and pride are intact
- Guarantee of constitutional essence including democratic and democratic system, constitutional supremacy, civil rights, human rights, etc.
- Peace and stability
- Poverty alleviation
- Ensuring rule of law
- Emphasis on good governance
- Inclusion, social justice and development
- Development of economic, social and physical infrastructure
- Effective delivery of public services
- Rural and urban development
- Strengthening and development of international relations
- Values and principles guided by the constitution
- New approach and role
- Globalization, economic liberalization and privatization
- Decentralization and localization
- Use of science and technology and information technology
- Carriers and catalysts of change
- Private sector and civil society etc.
In conclusion, Government is an alternative to failure in other areas. Government efforts alone may not be enough for economic and social upliftment, but the government must create a strong presence and a conducive environment. For the public, the reality of government is bureaucracy. Administration is also called permanent government. Therefore, even if the market is very powerful, the government has to intervene from time to time because the market can fail at any time. In any case, the government is the government, that is, the last weapon is the government.
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